Device fabrication is the process of creating electronic devices, such as transistors, sensors, and solar cells, by using various techniques and materials. This involves designing and manufacturing the physical components of the device, including the integration of different materials, deposition of thin films, and patterning of structures at the nanoscale level. Device fabrication typically involves a series of steps, including lithography, etching, deposition, and doping, to create functional devices that can be used in a wide range of applications, from consumer electronics to medical devices. It requires precise control over the materials used and the manufacturing processes to ensure the desired performance and functionality of the devices.